TroilusCressida1.0000_Reid
Troilus and Cressida.
The youngest son of Priam (or Apollo) and Hecuba, Troilus was in love with Cressida, daughter of the seer Calchas. Foreseeing the fall of Troy, Calchas had gone over to the side of the Greeks, leaving his daughter in Troy. Troilus and Cressida became lovers, with Cressida’s uncle, Pandarus, acting as a go-between. In an exchange of prisoners, Cressida was sent to the Greek camp, where she was loved by Diomedes, whom she eventually preferred to Troilus. The two rivals met in battle, but neither was killed.
Troilus is mentioned only once in Homer, as having been killed in battle, and again briefly in the Aeneid. The love story of Troilus and Cressida (her name is a corruption of Chryseis, daughter of Chryses) derives from the medieval Roman de Troie by Benoît de Sainte-Maure—who conflated her with the Trojan captive Briseis—and was popularized by Boccaccio and Chaucer. The Greek soldier Thersites, familiar in the Iliad as a cynic, became part of the postclassical Troilus and Cressida tale.
Classical Sources. Homer, Iliad 24.257. Virgil, Aeneid 1.474—78. Apollodorus, Biblioteca 3.12.5.; E3.32.
Further Reference. Nikki Stiller, The Figure of Cressida in British and American Literature (Lewiston, N.Y. & Queenston, Ont.: Mellen, 1990). Hyder E. Rollins, “The Troilus-Cressida Story from Chaucer to Shakespeare,” Publications of the Modem Language Association 32 (1917): 383ff.